These works, as indicated, consist in the production of struts or horizontal beams or grillage.
Usually all preliminary work is carried out on one side of the wall of the house. In the case when they do not want to constrain the movement of pedestrians along the sidewalk, preliminary work is carried out from the basements.
When performing the foundations of foundations, it is mostly to resort to the temporary support of the existing walls and columns with struts, the upper end of which rests against the walls or columns, and the lower-in-special auxiliary foundation.
For summers, wooden bars are usually used with a cross section of at least 20 x 20 cm. The need for wooden struts can be reinforced between them spacers. In order for the spacers do not fail, despite their tight factory, the strips are sewn to the struts. The spacers themselves are sewn with two 15-cm nails. Included struts recently are used less and less. They are used mainly for eyelids of small buildings with low durability of brickwork.
The specified technique was used by the author when eyeliner foundations of the boundary wall of a two -story stone house No. 14 in Rakhmanovsky Per. in Moscow.
The need to eyeliner foundations under the front wall of the house was caused by the construction of a house neighboring with it, the foundations of which were designed to lay much deeper.
This wall had two relatively large window openings. The height of the masonry under the window openings made it possible to consider the load at the base of the uniformly distributed. There has long been one through crack in this wall, covered with clay (photo. 467). The foundation of the house was composed of a lady and a bute. The sealing of the crack was not dictated by the necessity, since the laying of the wall and the foundation was also on two sides of the channel, as shown at 466. It is recommended to bind all the struts with each other on both sides or below the fortress. The wall to the foundations of the building carried a relatively small load, why Blove decided to bring new foundations, completely without analyzing the existing. To protect against possible accidents due to the presence of a crack, it was recognized as appropriate for the duration of the foundations to support the wall from the outside with inclined struts.
At an altitude of 5.0 and 3.0 m from the ground level, separate stalks were made in the brick wall along the wall length. Boards were laid in the stalks, on which the struts rested. Stops under the lower ends of the struts were made in the form of separate foundations. On the photo. 467 shows a diagram of the applied struts. When this part of the auxiliary work was completed, the foundations were launched. After the end of all the work, the wedges under the end of the strut were weakened and all the struts were removed. After 1-2 days after that, small cracks formed in two places in the ceiling plaster at the updated wall of the building. The lighthouses set in these cracks after 2 to 3 days showed that the sediment has stopped.
In the above example, the inclined struts had mainly the purpose – to protect the building from lateral movements. However, they can be successfully used to take on full load from the resulting walls and columns.